The lm324 is a quad operational amplifier integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by Texas Instruments, which allows for the creation of four independent op-amp circuits within one package. The LM324 combines four individual op amps - IC-A, ICB, ICC and ICD - into a single 16-pin DIP or SOIC package.

The lm324 pinout diagram shows how each of these internal op amp sections is connected to the external pins on the integrated circuit (IC). Here's an explanation of the pin functions for reference:

- Pin 1: In+

- This input pin is used as a non-inverting (+) input for all four op amps.

- Pins 2 and 6: Out-

- These output pins are common to all four op amp outputs, serving as inverting (-) outputs. The '-' sign indicates that these pins should be connected together if you want single-ended operation from any one of the four individual opamps inside this “quad” package!

- Pins 3 and 7: In-

- These input pins are used as non-inverting (+) inputs for all four op amps.

- Pin 4 (NC): No Connection

- This pin is not connected to anything on the internal circuitry within these quad op amp chips; therefore, it can be left floating without affecting its performance or functionality when implementing any one particular application based upon what kind of logic gate you wish implement from this single IC.

- Pins 8 and 14: V-

- These negative supply pins are common to all four op amps. They should always have a ground connection for proper operation.

The TL084 is another quad operational amplifier integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by Texas Instruments, which has an almost identical pinout configuration as the LM324 but with some minor differences in terms of internal resistances and offset currents between individual op amp sections within each package.

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